AMJ

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep related breathing disorder defined as repeated episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep. One of the major risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea is obesity.

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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinal disorder among females of reproductive age, which causes- hirsutism, Oligomenorrhea and infertility. It generally occurs in the female ageing between 12–44 years. Some studies show that it is a lifestyle disorder, which affects women of middle and high-income population.

Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy is a severe form of epileptic encephalopathies which is characterized by the onset of generalized or lateralized tonic spasms within 3 months of life. These spasms are not dependent on sleep cycle and can occur hundreds of times per day, which may lead to psychomotor impairment and death.

Breast lumps of benign types are the commonest type of breast disease amongst 40 per cent of female population. The chances of the growth being malignant make patients apprehensive. Phyllodes tumour involving the stroma of the breast is a common among females of around 40 years of age.

Australasian region comprising of the Australia, New Zealand and some neighbouring islands is culturally and ethnically diverse and even economically distinct. Therefore, there is variation in the health care setups. The screening programs for the cervical cancer and other forms of cancer also vary in this region.