The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and identify risk factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia at the neonatology unit of the Bamenda regional hospital, Cameroon.

Patients and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out from 9^th February 2022 to 31^st May 2022 at the Neonatology unit of the Bamenda Regional Hospital, in the Northwest Region (NWR) of Cameroon. It involved 204 newborns between 0 – 28 days of life, admitted at the neonatology unit of the Bamenda regional hospital for any reason. Data was collected through interviews with parents, examining the newborns, reviewing follow-up records, and analyzing glucose levels in capillary blood from the fingertips. A structured questionnaire was used to gather information on sociodemographic, maternal, and neonatal factors. Blood glucose levels were measured using a test strip and a glucometer. Hypoglycemia was defined as having a random blood glucose level of less than 45mg/dl. The data collected was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Newborns of 0-3 days (59.8%) were the most represented with a female predominance (sex ratio = 0.7). The most common diagnosis on entry was neonatal infections (47.8%). The mean neonatal blood glucose level was 105.6mg/dl. The prevalence of hypoglycemia was 8.8%. Following multivariate analysis, the risk factor associated with neonatal hypoglycemia was low birth weight (OR=1.681; CI_{95 (0.994-2.842)}; p=0.043). Conclusion: The prevalence of neonatal hypoglycemia was 8.8%. The significant factor associated with hypoglycemia was low birth weight. Regardless of why a newborn is admitted to the neonatology unit, it’s important to carefully check for hypoglycemia. Using capillary blood glucose is a good option because it allows for quick management.