Reliability and factor analysis of general health questionnaire 12 in malay version among women with abnormal pap smear results
Mardiana Mansor, Mainul Haque, Shabbir Ahmed Sheikh, Lim Chin Choon, Afiqah Mat Zin
Abstract
Background
The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is widely used to detect minor psychiatric and potential non-psychiatric disorders, and has been translated into many languages and validated for a variety of populations. GHQ-12 has been used for medical students, in health sciences, and other disciplines in order to study the impact on general health of current disease.
Aims
The purpose of this study is to determine the reliability and validity of GHQ-12 in Malay version among women with an abnormal Pap smear result.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional study of 70 Malaysian women with an abnormal Pap smear. The data was collected in 2015. The self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic and GHQ-12 was completed by respondents within 15 minutes. Data was analysed using SPPS version 22.
Results
Exploratory factor analysis in the Malay version of GHQ-12 depicts five models with a three factor structure for each model. Faster loading of all items was above 0.6 except three items in item number 7, 8 and 10. Cronbach’s alpha for all models of GHQ-12 range from 0.75 to 0.81. All of the items in GHQ-12 were more than 0.6, which demonstrated a reasonably excellent internal consistency.
Conclusion
This study found that the Malay version of GHQ-12 was reliable and valid to assess the general health among women with abnormal Pap smear results, whereby 12 items possess excellent internal consistency. It also helps to detect stress and depression among women with abnormal Pap smear results which will impact their general health.
Full Text:
The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is widely used to detect minor psychiatric and potential non-psychiatric disorders, and has been translated into many languages and validated for a variety of populations. GHQ-12 has been used for medical students, in health sciences, and other disciplines in order to study the impact on general health of current disease.
Aims
The purpose of this study is to determine the reliability and validity of GHQ-12 in Malay version among women with an abnormal Pap smear result.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional study of 70 Malaysian women with an abnormal Pap smear. The data was collected in 2015. The self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic and GHQ-12 was completed by respondents within 15 minutes. Data was analysed using SPPS version 22.
Results
Exploratory factor analysis in the Malay version of GHQ-12 depicts five models with a three factor structure for each model. Faster loading of all items was above 0.6 except three items in item number 7, 8 and 10. Cronbach’s alpha for all models of GHQ-12 range from 0.75 to 0.81. All of the items in GHQ-12 were more than 0.6, which demonstrated a reasonably excellent internal consistency.
Conclusion
This study found that the Malay version of GHQ-12 was reliable and valid to assess the general health among women with abnormal Pap smear results, whereby 12 items possess excellent internal consistency. It also helps to detect stress and depression among women with abnormal Pap smear results which will impact their general health.
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